HEXvle2vle L3 1ph kA
Created Friday 01 November 2013
A general geometry desuperheater model with NTU-based heat transfer model applying a characteristic line for the product of k*A.
1. Purpose of Model
This model is well suited to model slow transients of commonly designed heat exchangers. If large-scale short-term transients occur, e.g. as can be found during start-up the model might give imprecise results since the basic assumptions of the NTU approach (applied for calculation of heat resistance) can be violated. Instead of calculating the heat exchanger performance from the heat transfer coefficients the performance is defined by a characteristic line for kA.
The geometry of the heat exchanger is mainly defined by the parameter heatExchangerType. With that parameter the principal flow situation is defined.
2. Level of Detail, Physical Effects Considered and Physical Insight
2.1 Level of Detail
Referring to Brunnemann et al. [1], this model refers to the level of detail L3 because the system is modelled with the use of balance equations applied to two different zones of the component: liquid condensate at tube side, vapour volume at shell side.
2.2 Physical Effects Considered
- dynamic conservation of energy (neglecting kinetic energy terms) in desuperheating and cooling flows
- dynamic conservation of mass (neglecting kinetic energy terms) in desuperheating and cooling flows
- taking static pressure differences due to friction losses and geostatic into account
- calculation of heat transfer resistance between the two flows is calculated according to a NTU model
- losses to the ambience is neglected
- pressure losses due to friction at desuperheating and cooling flows
- no phase separation at the desuperheating side
2.3 Level of Insight
Heat Transfer
shell side
Basics:ControlVolumes:Fundamentals:HeatTransport:Generic HT:Heat Transfer L2 : ideal heat transfer, i.e. kc is infinite (see also the remarks for usage)
tube side:
Basics:ControlVolumes:Fundamentals:HeatTransport:Generic HT:Heat Transfer L2 :ideal heat transfer, i.e. kc is infinite (see also the remarks for usage)
Pressure Loss
shell side
- Basics:ControlVolumes:Fundamentals:PressureLoss:Generic PL:NoFriction L2 : friction free flow between inlet and outlet
- Basics:ControlVolumes:Fundamentals:PressureLoss:Generic PL:LinearPressureLoss L2 : Linear pressure loss based on nominal values, different zones are seen in parallel, pressure loss is located at flanges
- Basics:ControlVolumes:Fundamentals:PressureLoss:Generic PL:QuadraticNominalPoint L2 : Quadratic pressure loss based on nominal values, different zones are seen in parallel, pressure loss is located at flanges, density independent
- Basics:ControlVolumes:Fundamentals:PressureLoss:VLE PL:PressureLossCoefficient L2 : Density dependent pressure loss based on zeta value
- Basics:ControlVolumes:Fundamentals:PressureLoss:VLE PL:QuadraticNominalPoint L2 : Density dependent, quadratic pressure loss based on nominal values
tubes side
- Basics:ControlVolumes:Fundamentals:PressureLoss:Generic PL:NoFriction L2 : friction free flow between inlet and outlet
- Basics:ControlVolumes:Fundamentals:PressureLoss:Generic PL:LinearPressureLoss L2 : Linear pressure loss based on nominal values, different zones are seen in parallel, pressure loss is located at flanges
- Basics:ControlVolumes:Fundamentals:PressureLoss:Generic PL:QuadraticNominalPoint L2 : Quadratic pressure loss based on nominal values, different zones are seen in parallel, pressure loss is located at flanges, density independent
- Basics:ControlVolumes:Fundamentals:PressureLoss:VLE PL:PressureLossCoefficient L2 : Density dependent pressure loss based on zeta value
- Basics:ControlVolumes:Fundamentals:PressureLoss:VLE PL:QuadraticNominalPoint L2 : Density dependent, quadratic pressure loss based on nominal values
Phase Separation
shell side
Basics:ControlVolumes:Fundamentals:SpatialDistributionAspects:IdeallyStirred : ideally mixed phases, no phase separation
tube side:
Basics:ControlVolumes:Fundamentals:SpatialDistributionAspects:IdeallyStirred : ideally mixed phases
Heat Exchanger Type
- Basics:ControlVolumes:SolidVolumes:Fundamentals:HeatExchangerTypes:CounterFlow
- Basics:ControlVolumes:SolidVolumes:Fundamentals:HeatExchangerTypes:CrossCounterFlow
- Basics:ControlVolumes:SolidVolumes:Fundamentals:HeatExchangerTypes:CrossFlow
- Basics:ControlVolumes:SolidVolumes:Fundamentals:HeatExchangerTypes:ParallelFlow
- Basics:ControlVolumes:SolidVolumes:Fundamentals:HeatExchangerTypes:TubeBundle
3. Limits of Validity
- only small transients are allowed due to application of NTU-based wall model.
- chosen NTU-method is only considering one heat transfer zone (for one phase flow)
- no separate balancing of phases at shell and tube side
4. Interfaces
5. Nomenclature
- no model specific nomenclature -
6. Governing Equations
6.1 System Description and General model approach
This model is composed by instantiation of the following classes:
- Basics:ControlVolumes:FluidVolumes:VolumeVLE L2 volume of the condensate volume in the pipes
- Basics:ControlVolumes:FluidVolumes:VolumeVLE L2 volume of the superheated steam volume in the shell side
- Basics:ControlVolumes:SolidVolumes:NTU L2 effectiveResistance to model the heat transfer resistance and the temperature distribution in the heat exchanger
6.2 General Model Equations
Summary
A record summarising the most important variables is provided. Please be aware of the Boolean showExpertSummary in the parameter dialog tab "Summary and Visualisation". Setting this parameter to true will give you more detailed information on the components behaviour. The summary consists of the outline:
and the summaries of the class instances named in section 6.1
7. Remarks for Usage
The heat transfer is defined by a nominal kA and a mass flow dependent characteristic line instead of setting solid material and heat exchange models on shell and tube side.
7.1 Naming
The naming of heat exchangers in this package follows some specific form that is defined as follows:
7.2 Phase Change
Since the model has only one state on the tube side and the shell side respectively phase change is in principally possible but will result in low accuracy during the phase change transients. Furthermore, phase separation is not supported. To model phase change and separation on the shell side consider one of the two phase heat exchangers.
8. Validation
9. References
[1] Johannes Brunnemann and Friedrich Gottelt, Kai Wellner, Ala Renz, André Thüring, Volker Röder, Christoph Hasenbein, Christian Schulze, Gerhard Schmitz, Jörg Eiden: "Status of ClaRaCCS: Modelling and Simulation of Coal-Fired Power Plants with CO2 capture", 9th Modelica Conference, Munich, Germany, 2012
10. Authorship and Copyright Statement for original (initial) Contribution
Author:
DYNCAP/DYNSTART development team, Copyright 2011 - 2022.
Remarks:
This component was developed during DYNCAP/DYNSTART projects.
Acknowledgements:
ClaRa originated from the collaborative research projects DYNCAP and DYNSTART. Both research projects were supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (FKZ 03ET2009 and FKZ 03ET7060).
CLA:
The author(s) have agreed to ClaRa CLA, version 1.0. See https://claralib.com/pdf/CLA.pdf
By agreeing to ClaRa CLA, version 1.0 the author has granted the ClaRa development team a permanent right to use and modify his initial contribution as well as to publish it or its modified versions under the 3-clause BSD License.
11. Version History
- 2013 - v 0.1 - initial implementation - A.Renz, F.Gottelt, XRG Simulation
- 2016 - v 1.1.0 - renamed to make clear its general geometry;
- 08.01.2019 -v 1.4.0 - bugfixed underlying NTU wall model - Timm Hoppe and Annika Kuhlmann, XRG Simulation GmbH